{
  "format": "dataset-manifest/1",
  "slug": "property-valuation-database",
  "version": 2,
  "seed": "property-valuation-database:1",
  "spec": {
    "format": "dataset/1",
    "slug": "property-valuation-database",
    "name": "Real Estate Valuation Insights",
    "tagline": "Residential and commercial property valuations, comparable sales, and zoning regulations from government assessments.",
    "description": "Government agencies assess land parcels to determine their market value and ensure compliance with zoning regulations. This process involves evaluating properties, reviewing comparable sales, and handling valuation appeals. Each valuation is influenced by various factors, including the property's characteristics, its location, and the prevailing zoning laws. Such evaluations are critical in guiding decisions related to permits, tax assessments, and the provision of utilities connected to each property. As a result, this dataset provides a comprehensive view of how different properties are valued and the regulatory context surrounding them.\n\nThe tables in this dataset interconnect to provide a holistic view of property valuation. The 'properties' table catalogs individual land parcels, detailing their unique attributes such as size, type, and location. Each property links to the 'valuations' table, where specific appraised values are recorded, indicating the assessed worth based on various criteria. The 'comparable_sales' table includes records of recent sales of similar properties, which are essential for setting benchmarks in valuations. Meanwhile, the 'valuation_appeals' table captures instances where property owners contest their valuations, shedding light on community responses to government assessments. Lastly, the 'zoning_regulations' table outlines the specific zoning laws applicable to each property, which can significantly impact its value.\n\nAnalyzing this dataset allows developers to explore key questions such as how different property attributes affect market value, what trends exist in property sales, and how zoning regulations influence pricing. It can also help identify patterns in appeals against valuations, providing insights into community perceptions of property assessments. This synthetic dataset offers rich, practice-oriented opportunities for data analysis, visualization, and real-world applications in property management and government operations.",
    "domain": "government",
    "shape": "slowly-changing",
    "useCases": [
      "etl-pipelines",
      "teaching"
    ],
    "keywords": [
      "real estate",
      "valuation",
      "government",
      "properties",
      "zoning",
      "sales",
      "appeals"
    ],
    "locale": "en",
    "license": "CC0-1.0",
    "version": 1,
    "tables": {
      "properties": {
        "description": "This table holds details about individual properties, including their attributes like size and location, which are essential for valuation.",
        "rows": 300,
        "columns": {
          "id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each property."
          },
          "address": {
            "kind": "words",
            "max": 100,
            "description": "Full address of the property.",
            "nullable": true
          },
          "property_type": {
            "kind": "enum",
            "values": [
              "residential",
              "commercial",
              "industrial"
            ],
            "description": "Type of the property, indicating its primary use.",
            "weights": [
              7,
              2,
              1
            ]
          },
          "size_sq_ft": {
            "kind": "int",
            "min": 500,
            "max": 20000,
            "description": "Size of the property in square feet.",
            "nullable": true
          },
          "zone": {
            "kind": "words",
            "max": 3,
            "description": "Zoning designation for the property.",
            "nullable": true,
            "pool": [
              "residential",
              "commercial",
              "industrial",
              "mixed-use",
              "agricultural",
              "recreational",
              "institutional",
              "transitional",
              "historic",
              "overlay",
              "planned",
              "urban",
              "suburban",
              "rural",
              "conservation",
              "special",
              "development",
              "transportation",
              "downtown",
              "business",
              "neighborhood"
            ],
            "min": 1
          }
        }
      },
      "valuations": {
        "description": "This table records the market valuations for properties, including assessment dates and values, linking directly to the properties table.",
        "rows": {
          "per": "properties",
          "via": "property_id",
          "min": 1,
          "max": 5,
          "skew": "long-tail"
        },
        "columns": {
          "id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each valuation record."
          },
          "property_id": {
            "kind": "fk",
            "ref": "properties.id",
            "description": "Foreign key linking to the properties table."
          },
          "market_value": {
            "kind": "decimal",
            "min": 50000,
            "max": 5000000,
            "scale": 2,
            "description": "Market value of the property at the time of valuation.",
            "distribution": "long-tail"
          },
          "assessment_date": {
            "kind": "date",
            "from": "2020-01-01",
            "to": "2023-12-31",
            "description": "Date when the valuation was conducted.",
            "trend": "growing"
          }
        }
      },
      "comparable_sales": {
        "description": "This table captures data on recent sales of properties that are comparable to those in the valuations table, aiding in market assessment.",
        "rows": {
          "per": "properties",
          "via": "property_id",
          "min": 1,
          "max": 4,
          "skew": "long-tail"
        },
        "columns": {
          "id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each comparable sale record."
          },
          "property_id": {
            "kind": "fk",
            "ref": "properties.id",
            "description": "Foreign key linking to the properties table."
          },
          "sale_price": {
            "kind": "decimal",
            "min": 50000,
            "max": 5000000,
            "scale": 2,
            "description": "The sale price of the comparable property.",
            "distribution": "long-tail"
          },
          "sale_date": {
            "kind": "date",
            "from": "2020-01-01",
            "to": "2023-12-31",
            "description": "Date of the property sale.",
            "trend": "seasonal"
          }
        }
      },
      "valuation_appeals": {
        "description": "This table contains records of appeals made against property valuations, including details about the appeal process and outcomes.",
        "rows": {
          "per": "valuations",
          "via": "valuation_id",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 3,
          "skew": "long-tail"
        },
        "columns": {
          "id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each appeal record."
          },
          "valuation_id": {
            "kind": "fk",
            "ref": "valuations.id",
            "description": "Foreign key linking to the valuations table."
          },
          "appeal_reason": {
            "kind": "sentence",
            "description": "Reason provided for the appeal against the valuation.",
            "nullable": true,
            "when": {
              "column": "appeal_outcome",
              "in": [
                "reduced",
                "denied"
              ]
            }
          },
          "appeal_outcome": {
            "kind": "enum",
            "values": [
              "upheld",
              "reduced",
              "denied"
            ],
            "description": "Outcome of the valuation appeal.",
            "weights": [
              5,
              3,
              2
            ]
          },
          "outcome_date": {
            "kind": "date",
            "from": "2020-01-01",
            "to": "2023-12-31",
            "description": "Date when the appeal outcome was decided.",
            "nullable": true,
            "trend": "growing"
          }
        }
      },
      "zoning_regulations": {
        "description": "This table outlines the zoning regulations applicable to different properties, providing context for property valuations.",
        "rows": 50,
        "columns": {
          "id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each zoning regulation."
          },
          "zone": {
            "kind": "words",
            "max": 3,
            "description": "Zoning designation.",
            "pool": [
              "residential",
              "commercial",
              "industrial",
              "mixed-use",
              "agricultural",
              "recreational",
              "institutional",
              "transitional",
              "historic",
              "overlay",
              "planned",
              "urban",
              "suburban",
              "rural",
              "conservation",
              "special",
              "development",
              "transportation",
              "downtown",
              "business",
              "neighborhood"
            ],
            "min": 1
          },
          "regulation_details": {
            "kind": "sentence",
            "max": 250,
            "description": "Details of the zoning regulations for the zone."
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "structure": "multi-table",
    "traits": [
      "categorical",
      "nullable",
      "timestamped"
    ],
    "analysisQuestions": [
      "How do property values vary across different zoning designations?",
      "What are the most common reasons for appealing property valuations?",
      "How do comparable sales impact the valuation of similar properties?",
      "What trends can be observed in property valuations over the past few years?",
      "What is the average time taken to resolve valuation appeals?"
    ],
    "suggestedQueries": [
      {
        "title": "Join Properties and Valuations",
        "sql": "SELECT p.address, v.market_value FROM properties p JOIN valuations v ON p.id = v.property_id;",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      },
      {
        "title": "Aggregate Average Valuation by Property Type",
        "sql": "SELECT p.property_type, AVG(v.market_value) AS average_value FROM properties p JOIN valuations v ON p.id = v.property_id GROUP BY p.property_type;",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      },
      {
        "title": "Count Appeals by Outcome",
        "sql": "SELECT appeal_outcome, COUNT(*) AS appeal_count FROM valuation_appeals GROUP BY appeal_outcome;",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      },
      {
        "title": "Recent Sales Impact on Valuations",
        "sql": "SELECT v.market_value, cs.sale_price FROM valuations v JOIN comparable_sales cs ON v.property_id = cs.property_id WHERE cs.sale_date > '2022-01-01';",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      },
      {
        "title": "Zoning Regulations Effect on Valuations",
        "sql": "SELECT zr.zone, AVG(v.market_value) FROM zoning_regulations zr JOIN properties p ON zr.zone = p.zone JOIN valuations v ON p.id = v.property_id GROUP BY zr.zone;",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      }
    ],
    "usageScenarios": [
      {
        "title": "Urban Planners",
        "body": "Urban planners can use this dataset to analyze property valuations across different zones in the city. By understanding how zoning regulations affect property values, they can make informed decisions about future developments and zoning adjustments."
      },
      {
        "title": "Real Estate Appraisers",
        "body": "Real estate appraisers can leverage the comparable sales data to assess property values more accurately. By analyzing recent sales of similar properties, appraisers can provide more precise valuations for clients and help streamline the buying and selling process."
      },
      {
        "title": "Government Officials",
        "body": "Government officials involved in property assessments can utilize this dataset to monitor trends in property valuations and appeals. This information can guide policy decisions regarding tax assessments and zoning laws, ensuring fair and equitable practices."
      },
      {
        "title": "Students and Educators",
        "body": "Students studying real estate management or urban planning can benefit from this dataset for practical learning exercises. Educators can create case studies based on the data, allowing students to engage with real-world scenarios and apply theoretical concepts in a practical context."
      }
    ]
  },
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    "properties": 300,
    "comparable_sales": 556,
    "valuations": 653,
    "valuation_appeals": 614,
    "zoning_regulations": 50
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