{
  "format": "dataset-manifest/1",
  "slug": "auction-and-bidding-platform",
  "version": 4,
  "seed": "auction-and-bidding-platform:1",
  "engine": 1,
  "engineVersion": "1.0.0",
  "spec": {
    "format": "dataset/1",
    "slug": "auction-and-bidding-platform",
    "name": "Auction Insights",
    "tagline": "User interactions, item listings, bids, and payments from an online auction platform.",
    "description": "Users engage in bidding on various items in a dynamic online auction platform where competition and excitement drive transactions. They can create watchlists to keep track of their favorite items, ensuring they don’t miss out on potential bids. Sellers take advantage of this platform by managing their listings, setting starting prices, and monitoring bids to maximize their sales. As auctions progress, users actively place bids, leading to a range of bidding behaviors—from casual participation to intense bidding wars over high-value items. Some users frequently engage in auctions, often leading to disputes over competitive bids, while others may remain as passive observers or occasional bidders.\n\nThe dataset contains several interconnected tables that showcase user interactions with the auctioning process. The 'users' table records essential information about each participant, including their unique identifiers and profiles. The 'items' table catalogs all available auction items, detailing their descriptions, starting prices, and associated sellers. The 'bids' table captures the history of bids placed by users on specific items, linking back to both the 'users' and 'items' tables through their respective IDs. Payments are documented in the 'payments' table, detailing each transaction made for won auctions, while the 'shipping' table tracks logistics for delivering items to buyers after successful bids. Additionally, the 'watchlists' table allows users to monitor items of interest, providing insights into user preferences and behaviors.\n\nThis synthetic dataset is valuable for developers looking to practice data analysis and explore various questions related to user behavior, bidding patterns, and revenue generation within the auction platform. Queries could investigate which items attract the most bids, how bidding patterns vary among different user demographics, or the efficiency of shipping methods. By analyzing this data, developers can enhance their skills in making sense of complex relationships within an e-commerce context.",
    "domain": "saas",
    "shape": "hierarchical",
    "useCases": [
      "sql-practice",
      "teaching"
    ],
    "keywords": [
      "auction",
      "bidding",
      "users",
      "items",
      "payments",
      "shipping",
      "watchlists",
      "analytics"
    ],
    "locale": "en",
    "license": "CC0-1.0",
    "version": 1,
    "tables": {
      "users": {
        "description": "This table captures individual user profiles, including their bidding history and preferences. Each user can have multiple bids linked through their user ID.",
        "rows": 150,
        "columns": {
          "user_id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each user."
          },
          "full_name": {
            "kind": "fullName",
            "description": "The user's full name."
          },
          "email": {
            "kind": "email",
            "from": "full_name",
            "description": "The user's email address."
          },
          "join_date": {
            "kind": "date",
            "from": "2020-01-01",
            "to": "2023-01-01",
            "description": "Date when the user joined the platform.",
            "trend": "growing"
          },
          "bidding_history_count": {
            "kind": "int",
            "min": 0,
            "max": 100,
            "description": "Total number of bids placed by the user.",
            "distribution": "long-tail"
          },
          "high_value_bidder": {
            "kind": "bool",
            "trueRate": 0.2,
            "description": "Indicates if the user frequently participates in high-value auctions."
          }
        }
      },
      "items": {
        "description": "This table lists items available for bidding, with details about their categories and current bid status. Each item can have multiple bids associated with it.",
        "rows": 300,
        "columns": {
          "item_id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each auction item."
          },
          "item_name": {
            "kind": "words",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 3,
            "description": "Name of the auction item.",
            "pool": [
              "vintage",
              "antique",
              "modern",
              "collectible",
              "rare",
              "handmade",
              "limited",
              "unique",
              "exclusive",
              "custom",
              "artisanal",
              "crafted",
              "designer",
              "original",
              "classic",
              "one-of-a-kind",
              "vintage-inspired",
              "retro",
              "novelty",
              "premium"
            ]
          },
          "category": {
            "kind": "enum",
            "values": [
              "Electronics",
              "Furniture",
              "Collectibles",
              "Vehicles",
              "Art"
            ],
            "description": "Category of the item.",
            "weights": [
              6,
              2,
              1,
              1,
              1
            ]
          },
          "starting_price": {
            "kind": "decimal",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 5000,
            "scale": 2,
            "description": "Starting price for the auction.",
            "distribution": "long-tail"
          },
          "current_bid": {
            "kind": "decimal",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 5000,
            "scale": 2,
            "description": "Current highest bid for the item.",
            "distribution": "heavy-tail"
          },
          "end_date": {
            "kind": "datetime",
            "from": "2023-01-01",
            "to": "2023-12-31",
            "description": "End date and time of the auction.",
            "dayProfile": "waking"
          }
        }
      },
      "bids": {
        "description": "This table records each bid placed on items, linking back to the users and items tables to capture the interaction.",
        "rows": 600,
        "columns": {
          "bid_id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each bid."
          },
          "user_id": {
            "kind": "fk",
            "ref": "users.user_id",
            "description": "User who placed the bid."
          },
          "item_id": {
            "kind": "fk",
            "ref": "items.item_id",
            "description": "Item on which the bid is placed."
          },
          "bid_amount": {
            "kind": "decimal",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 5000,
            "scale": 2,
            "description": "Amount of the bid placed.",
            "distribution": "heavy-tail"
          },
          "bid_time": {
            "kind": "datetime",
            "from": "2023-01-01",
            "to": "2023-12-31",
            "description": "Date and time when the bid was placed.",
            "dayProfile": "waking"
          },
          "bid_increment": {
            "kind": "decimal",
            "min": 0.1,
            "max": 1000,
            "distribution": "normal",
            "description": "Increment amount for the next bid."
          }
        }
      },
      "payments": {
        "description": "This table details the payment methods used by users on the platform, linking back to the users table.",
        "rows": 150,
        "columns": {
          "payment_id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each payment method."
          },
          "user_id": {
            "kind": "fk",
            "ref": "users.user_id",
            "description": "User associated with the payment method."
          },
          "card_type": {
            "kind": "enum",
            "values": [
              "Visa",
              "MasterCard",
              "PayPal",
              "American Express"
            ],
            "description": "Type of payment card.",
            "weights": [
              6,
              4,
              3,
              1
            ]
          },
          "card_number": {
            "kind": "pattern",
            "pattern": "####-####-####-####",
            "description": "Masked payment card number."
          },
          "expiry_date": {
            "kind": "date",
            "from": "2023-01-01",
            "to": "2030-12-31",
            "description": "Expiry date of the payment card.",
            "trend": "seasonal"
          }
        }
      },
      "shipping": {
        "description": "This table includes shipping carriers that users can select for their purchases, linking back to the payments table.",
        "rows": 100,
        "columns": {
          "shipping_id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each shipping method."
          },
          "carrier_name": {
            "kind": "enum",
            "values": [
              "FedEx",
              "UPS",
              "DHL",
              "USPS",
              "RoyalMail",
              "CanadaPost",
              "Hermes",
              "DPD",
              "TNT",
              "AustraliaPost",
              "Yodel",
              "PostNL",
              "GLS",
              "Aramex",
              "SFExpress",
              "JapanPost",
              "SingaporePost",
              "ChinaPost",
              "IndiaPost",
              "Correos"
            ],
            "weights": [
              12,
              6,
              4,
              3,
              2,
              2,
              2,
              2,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1,
              1
            ],
            "description": "Name of the shipping carrier."
          },
          "shipping_cost": {
            "kind": "decimal",
            "min": 5,
            "max": 200,
            "scale": 2,
            "description": "Cost of shipping using this carrier.",
            "distribution": "long-tail"
          },
          "estimated_delivery": {
            "kind": "int",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 15,
            "description": "Estimated delivery time in days."
          }
        }
      },
      "watchlists": {
        "description": "This table tracks items that users have added to their watchlists, linking back to the users and items tables.",
        "rows": 250,
        "columns": {
          "watchlist_id": {
            "kind": "pk",
            "description": "Unique identifier for each watchlist entry."
          },
          "user_id": {
            "kind": "fk",
            "ref": "users.user_id",
            "description": "User who created the watchlist entry."
          },
          "item_id": {
            "kind": "fk",
            "ref": "items.item_id",
            "description": "Item added to the watchlist."
          },
          "added_date": {
            "kind": "datetime",
            "from": "2023-01-01",
            "to": "2023-12-31",
            "description": "Date when the item was added to the watchlist.",
            "dayProfile": "waking"
          },
          "notification_preference": {
            "kind": "bool",
            "trueRate": 0.8,
            "description": "Indicates if the user wants notifications for this item."
          },
          "notification_frequency": {
            "kind": "enum",
            "values": [
              "daily",
              "weekly",
              "monthly"
            ],
            "weights": [
              50,
              30,
              20
            ],
            "description": "Frequency of notifications for the watchlisted item."
          },
          "item_condition": {
            "kind": "enum",
            "values": [
              "new",
              "used",
              "refurbished"
            ],
            "weights": [
              40,
              40,
              20
            ],
            "description": "Condition of the item added to the watchlist."
          },
          "priority_level": {
            "kind": "int",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 5,
            "distribution": "normal",
            "description": "Priority level of the watchlisted item, 1 being the lowest and 5 the highest."
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "structure": "multi-table",
    "traits": [
      "high-cardinality",
      "categorical",
      "nullable"
    ],
    "analysisQuestions": [
      "What categories of items attract the most bids?",
      "How does the bidding behavior of high-value bidders compare to others?",
      "What is the average shipping cost associated with different carriers?",
      "Which payment methods are most commonly used by users?",
      "How many users maintain watchlists for their favorite items?"
    ],
    "suggestedQueries": [
      {
        "title": "Get all items with their current bids",
        "sql": "SELECT items.item_name, items.current_bid FROM items JOIN bids ON items.item_id = bids.item_id;",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      },
      {
        "title": "Count bids per user",
        "sql": "SELECT users.full_name, COUNT(bids.bid_id) as total_bids FROM users LEFT JOIN bids ON users.user_id = bids.user_id GROUP BY users.user_id;",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      },
      {
        "title": "Average shipping cost by carrier",
        "sql": "SELECT shipping.carrier_name, AVG(shipping.shipping_cost) as avg_cost FROM shipping GROUP BY shipping.carrier_name;",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bidding trends over time",
        "sql": "SELECT DATE(bid_time) as bid_date, COUNT(bid_id) as total_bids FROM bids GROUP BY bid_date ORDER BY bid_date;",
        "dialect": "postgres"
      }
    ],
    "usageScenarios": [
      {
        "title": "Data Analysis for Auction Platforms",
        "body": "Data analysts at auction platforms can utilize this dataset to understand user behaviors and bidding patterns. By analyzing bidding histories and user interactions, they can identify trends that inform marketing strategies and improve user experience."
      },
      {
        "title": "Teaching Database Management",
        "body": "Educators can leverage this dataset in academic settings to teach students about relational database design and SQL querying. The multiple interconnected tables offer opportunities to practice writing complex queries and understanding data relationships."
      },
      {
        "title": "Enhancing User Engagement",
        "body": "Marketing teams can analyze the watchlist data to determine which items are most frequently saved by users. This information can guide promotional campaigns, helping to target users with similar interests and enhance overall engagement on the platform."
      },
      {
        "title": "Evaluating Shipping Options",
        "body": "Logistics managers can assess the efficiency of various shipping carriers by analyzing shipping costs and delivery times. This dataset provides insights that can optimize the shipping process for auction items, potentially reducing costs and improving customer satisfaction."
      }
    ]
  },
  "counts": {
    "items": 300,
    "shipping": 100,
    "users": 150,
    "bids": 600,
    "payments": 150,
    "watchlists": 250
  },
  "stats": {
    "users": {
      "rows": 150,
      "columns": {
        "user_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 150,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 150
        },
        "full_name": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 147,
          "min": "Alice Ahmed",
          "max": "Zoe Wilson"
        },
        "email": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 149
        },
        "join_date": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 130,
          "min": "2020-01-07",
          "max": "2022-12-28"
        },
        "bidding_history_count": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 71,
          "min": 0,
          "max": 99
        },
        "high_value_bidder": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 2,
          "min": "false",
          "max": "true"
        }
      }
    },
    "items": {
      "rows": 300,
      "columns": {
        "item_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 300,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 300
        },
        "item_name": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 222
        },
        "category": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 5,
          "min": "Art",
          "max": "Vehicles"
        },
        "starting_price": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 300,
          "min": 1.02,
          "max": 4999.86
        },
        "current_bid": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 295,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 4949.58
        },
        "end_date": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 300,
          "min": "2023-01-03 06:09:40",
          "max": "2023-12-31 01:31:07"
        }
      }
    },
    "bids": {
      "rows": 600,
      "columns": {
        "bid_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 600,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 600
        },
        "user_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 146,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 150
        },
        "item_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 262,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 299
        },
        "bid_amount": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 583,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 4990.75
        },
        "bid_time": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 600,
          "min": "2023-01-02 17:20:05",
          "max": "2023-12-31 22:05:25"
        },
        "bid_increment": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 597,
          "min": 73.29,
          "max": 926.34
        }
      }
    },
    "payments": {
      "rows": 150,
      "columns": {
        "payment_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 150,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 150
        },
        "user_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 99,
          "min": 5,
          "max": 149
        },
        "card_type": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 4,
          "min": "American Express",
          "max": "Visa"
        },
        "card_number": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 150
        },
        "expiry_date": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 150,
          "min": "2023-03-02",
          "max": "2030-12-16"
        }
      }
    },
    "shipping": {
      "rows": 100,
      "columns": {
        "shipping_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 100,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 100
        },
        "carrier_name": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 19,
          "min": "Aramex",
          "max": "USPS"
        },
        "shipping_cost": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 99,
          "min": 5.01,
          "max": 194.97
        },
        "estimated_delivery": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 15,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 15
        }
      }
    },
    "watchlists": {
      "rows": 250,
      "columns": {
        "watchlist_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 250,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 250
        },
        "user_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 121,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 149
        },
        "item_id": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 178,
          "min": 1,
          "max": 300
        },
        "added_date": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 250,
          "min": "2023-01-02 21:16:22",
          "max": "2023-12-31 19:39:08"
        },
        "notification_preference": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 2,
          "min": "false",
          "max": "true"
        },
        "notification_frequency": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 3,
          "min": "daily",
          "max": "weekly"
        },
        "item_condition": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 3,
          "min": "new",
          "max": "used"
        },
        "priority_level": {
          "nulls": 0,
          "distinct": 4,
          "min": 2,
          "max": 5
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "artifacts": [
    {
      "file": "csv/items.csv",
      "format": "csv",
      "table": "items",
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/items.csv",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/items.csv",
      "bytes": 20414,
      "sha256": "7ff91e3e3fedd4670ddbb370ed3f47dbe1fbac62443ed3df378bcbc5dcf888c4",
      "rows": 300,
      "contentType": "text/csv; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "csv/shipping.csv",
      "format": "csv",
      "table": "shipping",
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/shipping.csv",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/shipping.csv",
      "bytes": 1983,
      "sha256": "2e58283a80930466a9c0080f4d1f5bb726e7300329a2c61eaf294f2939bcf5e5",
      "rows": 100,
      "contentType": "text/csv; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "csv/users.csv",
      "format": "csv",
      "table": "users",
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/users.csv",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/users.csv",
      "bytes": 9114,
      "sha256": "c4bd311cc157fbc0120573eafd7e60c00186cb25c4884bcec4b66157c8ca6dbc",
      "rows": 150,
      "contentType": "text/csv; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "csv/bids.csv",
      "format": "csv",
      "table": "bids",
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/bids.csv",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/bids.csv",
      "bytes": 27487,
      "sha256": "725d7f72d5d126de885dcce4291576fe9029b90840c82e6dec56fa803867a6c2",
      "rows": 600,
      "contentType": "text/csv; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "csv/payments.csv",
      "format": "csv",
      "table": "payments",
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/payments.csv",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/payments.csv",
      "bytes": 7065,
      "sha256": "c85851cd20edc6ac9784d079179584baa7e0679436a6da4a082bff28a47c8513",
      "rows": 150,
      "contentType": "text/csv; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "csv/watchlists.csv",
      "format": "csv",
      "table": "watchlists",
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/watchlists.csv",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/csv/watchlists.csv",
      "bytes": 12973,
      "sha256": "794b157f17ac8f3767e4e7f9265301f974b08463ef84d84e81c1c4124a2f83c4",
      "rows": 250,
      "contentType": "text/csv; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "auction-and-bidding-platform.json",
      "format": "json",
      "table": null,
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/auction-and-bidding-platform.json",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/auction-and-bidding-platform.json",
      "bytes": 303702,
      "sha256": "43cf193875e3ba54cdb1e954e4213ce06990e9354b7a27ef45907ccfe03b7083",
      "rows": null,
      "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "sql/postgres.sql",
      "format": "sql-postgres",
      "table": null,
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/sql/postgres.sql",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/sql/postgres.sql",
      "bytes": 106721,
      "sha256": "00ed61088e0b11ab5b465dd947279443932e60627096bd01078b5e4db5f19b7b",
      "rows": null,
      "contentType": "application/sql; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "sql/mysql.sql",
      "format": "sql-mysql",
      "table": null,
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/sql/mysql.sql",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/sql/mysql.sql",
      "bytes": 104616,
      "sha256": "a36b3b2821f77fc4ade4c277a884c15231c023b61b9067aa6bed7f10fdd484aa",
      "rows": null,
      "contentType": "application/sql; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "sql/mssql.sql",
      "format": "sql-mssql",
      "table": null,
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/sql/mssql.sql",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/sql/mssql.sql",
      "bytes": 108214,
      "sha256": "5cbbc5796e2fe6f34537d51cdf3a3d689c68d0a7bc08542e7c0a8bc7bed18955",
      "rows": null,
      "contentType": "application/sql; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "sql/sqlite.sql",
      "format": "sql-sqlite",
      "table": null,
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/sql/sqlite.sql",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/sql/sqlite.sql",
      "bytes": 104396,
      "sha256": "d422db0078d0f7d1be241e39434e3054ba09a6c9b5866630c0fb08d16bfbd739",
      "rows": null,
      "contentType": "application/sql; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "prisma/seed.ts",
      "format": "prisma-seed",
      "table": null,
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/prisma/seed.ts",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/prisma/seed.ts",
      "bytes": 252073,
      "sha256": "59fda87a90bfc0c93dd22a53eddcd42410a6aa9e2ef52b61af70d51a3280c315",
      "rows": null,
      "contentType": "application/typescript; charset=utf-8"
    },
    {
      "file": "django/fixtures.json",
      "format": "django-fixture",
      "table": null,
      "key": "datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/django/fixtures.json",
      "url": "https://database-sample-website.s3.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/datasets/auction-and-bidding-platform/v4/django/fixtures.json",
      "bytes": 359061,
      "sha256": "d429523b718a94b8fbcffe79f3e838c013aa905ab78fea66d66452f3d74cb128",
      "rows": null,
      "contentType": "application/json; charset=utf-8"
    }
  ],
  "publishedAt": 1788767518616,
  "updatedAt": 1789095646996
}