{ "format": "dataset-manifest/1", "slug": "airline-sample-database", "version": 1, "seed": "flagship:airline-sample-database:1k", "engine": 2, "engineVersion": "1.0.0", "spec": { "format": "dataset/1", "engine": 2, "slug": "airline-sample-database", "name": "Airline sample database", "tagline": "Six airlines, forty airports, departures, bookings, tickets, seats, boarding passes, bags and payments.", "description": "Six fictional airlines flying between forty real airports over five years, 2021 to 2025. A flight number links two different airports; each departure is flown by an aircraft of that flight’s airline and lands one to ten hours after it leaves. A ticket covers one or more flights; on a flight every passenger has a seat of their own on that aircraft, the fare follows the seat’s cabin -- First, Business, Premium Economy or Economy -- and a ticket’s price is the sum of its fares. A booking is made one to 120 days before its first departure and paid within fifteen minutes: the sum of its tickets less the promotion it used. Boarding passes name a gate at the departure airport and are scanned fifteen minutes to an hour before take-off; a refund is never more than the payment.", "domain": "travel", "shape": "transactional", "useCases": [ "sql-practice", "bi-dashboards", "test-fixtures" ], "keywords": [ "airline", "flights", "bookings", "tickets", "sample database" ], "locale": "en_US", "license": "CC0-1.0", "version": 1, "seed": "flagship:airline-sample-database", "tables": { "aircraft_models": { "description": "Rows for the aircraft_models table.", "rows": 8, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "capacity": { "kind": "int", "min": 50, "max": 450 }, "manufacturer": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "Airbus", "Boeing", "Embraer" ] }, "model_number": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "737-800", "A320neo", "A321neo", "787-9", "A350-900", "E175", "777-300ER", "A220-300" ], "unique": true } } }, "aircrafts": { "description": "Rows for the aircrafts table.", "rows": 60, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "airline_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "airlines.id", "skew": "flat" }, "model_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "aircraft_models.id", "weights": [ 24, 22, 14, 10, 8, 10, 6, 6 ] }, "registration_number": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "[N]###AA", "unique": true }, "status": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "in_service", "maintenance" ], "weights": [ 92, 8 ] } } }, "airlines": { "description": "Rows for the airlines table.", "rows": 6, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "country_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "countries.id", "skew": "long-tail" }, "iata_code": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "N7", "B9", "C8", "R4", "W6", "P2" ], "unique": true }, "name": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "Northwind Air", "Blue Harbor Airlines", "Atlantic Crown", "Rhine Sky", "Bosphorus Wings", "Pacific Lantern" ], "unique": true } } }, "airport_terminals": { "description": "Rows for the airport_terminals table.", "rows": 80, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "airport_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "airports.id", "skew": "flat" }, "name": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "Terminal 1", "Terminal 2", "Terminal 3", "Terminal A", "Terminal B", "International" ] } } }, "airports": { "description": "Rows for the airports table.", "rows": 40, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "city_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "cities.id", "skew": "long-tail" }, "iata_code": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "JFK", "LAX", "ORD", "ATL", "DFW", "SFO", "SEA", "MIA", "BOS", "DEN", "LHR", "LGW", "MAN", "FRA", "MUC", "BER", "CDG", "NCE", "MAD", "BCN", "FCO", "MXP", "AMS", "IST", "AYT", "ADB", "DXB", "AUH", "HND", "KIX", "YYZ", "YVR", "YUL", "SIN", "MCO", "LAS", "PHX", "LBA", "EDI", "HAM" ], "unique": true }, "icao_code": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "KJFK", "KLAX", "KORD", "KATL", "KDFW", "KSFO", "KSEA", "KMIA", "KBOS", "KDEN", "EGLL", "EGKK", "EGCC", "EDDF", "EDDM", "EDDB", "LFPG", "LFMN", "LEMD", "LEBL", "LIRF", "LIMC", "EHAM", "LTFM", "LTAI", "LTBJ", "OMDB", "OMAA", "RJTT", "RJBB", "CYYZ", "CYVR", "CYUL", "WSSS", "KMCO", "KLAS", "KPHX", "EGNM", "EGPH", "EDDH" ], "unique": true }, "name": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "John F. Kennedy International", "Los Angeles International", "O’Hare International", "Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International", "Dallas/Fort Worth International", "San Francisco International", "Seattle-Tacoma International", "Miami International", "Boston Logan International", "Denver International", "Heathrow", "Gatwick", "Manchester", "Frankfurt", "Munich", "Berlin Brandenburg", "Charles de Gaulle", "Nice Cote d’Azur", "Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas", "Barcelona-El Prat", "Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino", "Milan Malpensa", "Amsterdam Schiphol", "Istanbul", "Antalya", "Izmir Adnan Menderes", "Dubai International", "Abu Dhabi International", "Tokyo Haneda", "Osaka Kansai", "Toronto Pearson", "Vancouver International", "Montreal-Trudeau", "Singapore Changi", "Orlando International", "Las Vegas Harry Reid International", "Phoenix Sky Harbor", "Leeds Bradford", "Edinburgh", "Hamburg" ], "unique": true } } }, "baggage": { "description": "Rows for the baggage table.", "rows": 80, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "status": { "kind": "constant", "value": "delivered" }, "tag_number": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "[0]#########", "unique": true }, "ticket_flight_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "ticket_flights.id", "skew": "flat" }, "weight": { "kind": "decimal", "min": 4, "max": 32, "scale": 1, "distribution": "normal" } } }, "baggage_rules": { "description": "Rows for the baggage_rules table.", "rows": 4, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "allowed_pieces": { "kind": "int", "min": 1, "max": 3 }, "cabin_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "cabins.id", "unique": true }, "max_dimensions": { "kind": "constant", "value": "158 cm" }, "max_weight": { "kind": "int", "min": 20, "max": 32 } } }, "boarding_passes": { "description": "Rows for the boarding_passes table.", "rows": 120, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "boarding_time": { "kind": "datetime", "from": "2021-01-01", "to": "2025-12-31" }, "gate_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "gates.id" }, "sequence_number": { "kind": "int", "min": 1, "max": 300 }, "ticket_flight_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "ticket_flights.id", "unique": true } } }, "bookings": { "description": "Rows for the bookings table.", "rows": 350, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "booking_date": { "kind": "datetime", "from": "2021-01-01", "to": "2025-12-31" }, "booking_reference": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "AAAAAA", "unique": true }, "promotion_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "promotions.id", "weights": [ 85, 7, 5, 3 ] }, "status": { "kind": "constant", "value": "confirmed" }, "user_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "users.id", "skew": "long-tail" } } }, "cabins": { "description": "Rows for the cabins table.", "rows": 4, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "class_code": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "F", "J", "W", "Y" ], "unique": true }, "name": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "First", "Business", "Premium Economy", "Economy" ], "unique": true } } }, "cities": { "description": "Rows for the cities table.", "rows": 40, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "country_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "countries.id", "skew": "long-tail" }, "name": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "Atlanta", "Dallas", "San Francisco", "Seattle", "Miami", "Boston", "Denver", "London", "Crawley", "Manchester", "Frankfurt", "Munich", "Berlin", "Paris", "Nice", "Madrid", "Barcelona", "Rome", "Milan", "Amsterdam", "Istanbul", "Antalya", "Izmir", "Dubai", "Abu Dhabi", "Tokyo", "Osaka", "Toronto", "Vancouver", "Montreal", "Singapore", "Orlando", "Las Vegas", "Phoenix", "Leeds", "Edinburgh", "Hamburg" ], "unique": true } } }, "countries": { "description": "Rows for the countries table.", "rows": 12, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "iso_code": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "US", "GB", "DE", "FR", "ES", "IT", "NL", "TR", "AE", "JP", "CA", "SG" ], "unique": true }, "name": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "United States", "United Kingdom", "Germany", "France", "Spain", "Italy", "Netherlands", "Turkey", "United Arab Emirates", "Japan", "Canada", "Singapore" ], "unique": true } } }, "crews": { "description": "Rows for the crews table.", "rows": 400, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "first_name": { "kind": "person.firstName" }, "last_name": { "kind": "person.lastName" }, "license_number": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "[CR-]######", "unique": true, "description": "A made-up crew licence reference." }, "role": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "captain", "first_officer", "purser", "flight_attendant" ], "weights": [ 15, 15, 10, 60 ] } } }, "flight_crews": { "description": "Rows for the flight_crews table.", "rows": 20, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "crew_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "crews.id", "skew": "flat" }, "flight_instance_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "flight_instances.id", "skew": "flat" }, "role_assigned": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "captain", "first_officer", "purser", "cabin" ], "weights": [ 15, 15, 10, 60 ] } } }, "flight_delays": { "description": "Rows for the flight_delays table.", "rows": 10, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "delay_reason": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "Weather", "Air traffic control", "Late inbound aircraft", "Technical", "Crew" ], "weights": [ 30, 25, 25, 12, 8 ] }, "duration_minutes": { "kind": "int", "min": 15, "max": 300, "distribution": "long-tail" }, "flight_instance_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "flight_instances.id", "unique": true } } }, "flight_instances": { "description": "Rows for the flight_instances table.", "rows": 10, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "aircraft_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "aircrafts.id" }, "arrival_time": { "kind": "datetime", "from": "2021-01-01", "to": "2025-12-31" }, "departure_time": { "kind": "datetime", "from": "2021-01-01", "to": "2025-12-31", "dayProfile": "waking", "trend": "growing" }, "flight_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "flights.id", "skew": "flat" }, "status": { "kind": "constant", "value": "arrived" } } }, "flight_schedules": { "description": "Rows for the flight_schedules table.", "rows": 300, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "days_of_week": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "Daily", "Mon-Fri", "Weekends", "Mon, Wed, Fri", "Tue, Thu, Sat" ], "weights": [ 45, 20, 10, 15, 10 ] }, "flight_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "flights.id", "unique": true }, "scheduled_arrival": { "kind": "time", "from": "00:00:00", "to": "23:59:00" }, "scheduled_departure": { "kind": "time", "from": "06:00:00", "to": "22:30:00" } } }, "flights": { "description": "Rows for the flights table.", "rows": 300, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "airline_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "airlines.id", "skew": "flat" }, "arrival_airport_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "airports.id", "skew": "long-tail" }, "departure_airport_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "airports.id", "skew": "long-tail" }, "flight_number": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "####", "unique": true } } }, "frequent_flyer_members": { "description": "Rows for the frequent_flyer_members table.", "rows": 20, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "membership_number": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "##########", "unique": true }, "miles_balance": { "kind": "int", "min": 0, "max": 400000, "distribution": "long-tail" }, "passenger_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "passengers.id", "skew": "flat" }, "program_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "frequent_flyer_programs.id", "skew": "flat" }, "tier_level": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "blue", "silver", "gold", "platinum" ], "weights": [ 70, 18, 9, 3 ] } } }, "frequent_flyer_programs": { "description": "Rows for the frequent_flyer_programs table.", "rows": 6, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "airline_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "airlines.id", "skew": "long-tail" }, "name": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "Northwind Air Miles", "Blue Harbor Airlines Miles", "Atlantic Crown Miles", "Rhine Sky Miles", "Bosphorus Wings Miles", "Pacific Lantern Miles" ], "unique": true } } }, "gates": { "description": "Rows for the gates table.", "rows": 400, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "name": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "A##" }, "terminal_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "airport_terminals.id", "skew": "flat" } } }, "meal_bookings": { "description": "Rows for the meal_bookings table.", "rows": 30, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "meal_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "meals.id", "weights": [ 10, 18, 8, 12, 5, 9, 5, 33 ] }, "status": { "kind": "constant", "value": "served" }, "ticket_flight_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "ticket_flights.id", "unique": true } } }, "meals": { "description": "Rows for the meals table.", "rows": 8, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "code": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "VGML", "VLML", "GFML", "CHML", "KSML", "MOML", "DBML", "STD" ], "unique": true }, "description": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "Vegan meal", "Vegetarian meal", "Gluten-free meal", "Child meal", "Kosher meal", "Halal meal", "Diabetic meal", "Standard meal" ], "unique": true }, "gluten_free": { "kind": "bool" }, "vegan": { "kind": "bool" }, "vegetarian": { "kind": "bool" } } }, "passengers": { "description": "Rows for the passengers table.", "rows": 120, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "date_of_birth": { "kind": "date", "from": "1935-01-01", "to": "2024-12-31", "distribution": "normal" }, "first_name": { "kind": "person.firstName" }, "last_name": { "kind": "person.lastName" }, "nationality_country_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "countries.id", "weights": [ 40, 12, 9, 7, 5, 5, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 1 ] }, "passport_number": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "[P-]AA######", "unique": true, "description": "A made-up travel document reference." } } }, "payments": { "description": "Rows for the payments table.", "rows": 350, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "amount": { "kind": "decimal", "min": 0, "max": 4729, "scale": 2 }, "booking_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "bookings.id", "unique": true }, "payment_date": { "kind": "datetime", "from": "2021-01-01", "to": "2025-12-31" }, "payment_method": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "card", "paypal", "apple_pay", "bank_transfer" ], "weights": [ 70, 14, 12, 4 ] }, "transaction_status": { "kind": "constant", "value": "succeeded" } } }, "promotions": { "description": "Rows for the promotions table.", "rows": 4, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "code": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "NONE", "SUMMER10", "EARLY15", "STUDENT20" ], "unique": true }, "discount_percentage": { "kind": "int", "min": 0, "max": 20 }, "end_date": { "kind": "constant", "value": "2025-12-31", "type": "date" }, "start_date": { "kind": "constant", "value": "2021-01-01", "type": "date" } } }, "refunds": { "description": "Rows for the refunds table.", "rows": 10, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "amount": { "kind": "decimal", "min": 0, "max": 2197, "scale": 2 }, "payment_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "payments.id", "unique": true }, "reason": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "Schedule change", "Cancelled by customer", "Duplicate booking", "Medical", "Downgrade" ] }, "refund_date": { "kind": "datetime", "from": "2021-01-01", "to": "2025-12-31" } } }, "seat_pricing": { "description": "Rows for the seat_pricing table.", "rows": 30, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "base_price": { "kind": "decimal", "min": 1, "max": 5000, "scale": 2 }, "cabin_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "cabins.id", "skew": "flat" }, "flight_instance_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "flight_instances.id", "skew": "flat" } } }, "seats": { "description": "Rows for the seats table.", "rows": 14400, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "aircraft_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "aircrafts.id", "skew": "flat" }, "cabin_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "cabins.id", "weights": [ 3, 10, 12, 75 ] }, "letter": { "kind": "enum", "values": [ "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "J", "K" ] }, "row_number": { "kind": "int", "min": 1, "max": 60 } } }, "ticket_flights": { "description": "Rows for the ticket_flights table.", "rows": 1000, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "cabin_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "cabins.id" }, "fare": { "kind": "decimal", "min": 0, "max": 2544, "scale": 2 }, "flight_instance_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "flight_instances.id", "skew": "flat" }, "seat_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "seats.id" }, "ticket_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "tickets.id", "skew": "flat" } } }, "tickets": { "description": "Rows for the tickets table.", "rows": 700, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "booking_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "bookings.id", "skew": "flat" }, "passenger_id": { "kind": "fk", "ref": "passengers.id", "skew": "long-tail" }, "ticket_number": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "[016-]##########", "unique": true }, "total_price": { "kind": "decimal", "min": 0, "max": 20000, "scale": 2 } } }, "users": { "description": "Rows for the users table.", "rows": 60, "columns": { "id": { "kind": "pk" }, "email": { "kind": "internet.email", "unique": true }, "password_hash": { "kind": "pattern", "pattern": "[$2b$12$]xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" }, "phone_number": { "kind": "phone.number" }, "registration_date": { "kind": "date", "from": "2015-01-01", "to": 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tf.ticket_id = t.id JOIN flight_instances fi ON fi.id = tf.flight_instance_id GROUP BY t.booking_id) x ON x.booking_id = b.id WHERE b.booking_date > x.first_departure - interval '1 day' OR b.booking_date < x.first_departure - interval '120 days') + (SELECT count(*) FROM payments p JOIN bookings b ON b.id = p.booking_id JOIN promotions pr ON pr.id = b.promotion_id JOIN (SELECT booking_id, sum(total_price) AS tickets FROM tickets GROUP BY booking_id) t ON t.booking_id = b.id WHERE p.amount <> round(t.tickets * (100 - pr.discount_percentage) / 100.0, 2) OR p.payment_date < b.booking_date OR p.payment_date > b.booking_date + interval '15 minutes') AS violations" }, { "name": "A boarding pass names a gate at the departure airport and is scanned fifteen minutes to an hour before take-off", "sql": "SELECT count(*) AS violations FROM boarding_passes bp JOIN ticket_flights tf ON tf.id = bp.ticket_flight_id JOIN flight_instances fi ON fi.id = tf.flight_instance_id JOIN flights f ON f.id = fi.flight_id JOIN gates g ON g.id = bp.gate_id JOIN airport_terminals at ON at.id = g.terminal_id WHERE at.airport_id <> f.departure_airport_id OR bp.boarding_time > fi.departure_time - interval '15 minutes' OR bp.boarding_time < fi.departure_time - interval '1 hour'" }, { "name": "A refund is never more than its payment and comes after it", "sql": "SELECT count(*) AS violations FROM refunds r JOIN payments p ON p.id = r.payment_id WHERE r.amount > p.amount OR r.refund_date <= p.payment_date" }, { "name": "No crew member twice on a departure, no cabin priced twice on one, and one membership per programme", "sql": "SELECT (SELECT count(*) - count(DISTINCT (flight_instance_id, crew_id)) FROM flight_crews) + (SELECT count(*) - count(DISTINCT (flight_instance_id, cabin_id)) FROM seat_pricing) + (SELECT count(*) - count(DISTINCT (program_id, passenger_id)) FROM frequent_flyer_members) AS violations" } ] }, "publishedAt": 1791377614720, "updatedAt": 1791377614720 }